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#1. How can declination or variation be calculated?

If you determine the direction of True North by observing the North Star, you can align the ā€œNā€ marking on the compass face with True North. This allows you to measure:

  • The Angle of Magnetic Variation: The angle between the black end of the compass needle (which points to Magnetic North) and the ā€œNā€ on the compass face (aligned with True North). This angle represents the magnetic variation or declination at your location