wind and cloud cover will cause T max to be reduced and T min to be increased.

WIND: wind will cause turbulent mixing of the warm air at the surface with cold air above, reducing T max. Strong wind reduces diurnal variation 

CLOUD: the solar radiation is reflected back by the cloud tops

Due to the nature of surface the diurnal  temperature changes or much smaller over the sea than over the land the sea temperature shows a variation from day to night of less than 1°C whereas Overland the diurnal variation may average as much as 20°C

In clear weather about 5/6 of the solar radiation reaches earth surface of this reflects about 10% of surface reflects about 80% of the incident

Albedo is a measure of the ratio of scattered to incident light or radiation. A substance with a high albedo is a substance that scatters or reflects a large proportion of the radiation or light it receives. The nature of the surface, being dark or light will affect it albedo.

Due to the nature of surface the diurnal  temperature changes or much smaller over the sea than over the land the sea temperature shows a variation from day to night of less than 1°C whereas Overland the diurnal variation may average as much as 20°C

Due to the nature of surface the diurnal  temperature changes or much smaller over the sea than over the land ,

at a costal station it depends on weather it is a sea breeze or land breeze,

In clear weather about 5/6 of the solar radiation reaches earth surface of this reflects about 10% of surface reflects about 80% of the incident

Total amount of solar radiation received over a particular area is called insolation insolation depends on obliquity of sons rays hence insolation at any place is maximum when the sun is overhead and least during sunrise and sunset maximum insolation is received over the tropics the region between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of capricorn and least at the polls

As per Wien,s law: Hot bodies like sun radiate short waves and colder bodies like earth radiate long waves because earth is receiving heat from sun it receives short waves

Specific heat of water is 1

ice 0.5

soil 0.2

Material with high specific heat has slowest rise in temperature

water gets heated much later than land

hence inversely proportional

Specific heat of water is 1

ice 0.5

soil 0.2

Material with high specific heat has slowest rise in temperature

water gets heated much later than land

As per diurnal variation of temperature

From 15:00 LMT onwards, the temperature falls continuously until a little after sunrise. The lowest temperature occurs at about sunrise plus 30 minutes. (TMIN)

The dew point is the temperature to which the air must be cooled, at constant barometric pressure, for the water vapour contained in the air to condense

if a parcel of air was forced to rise in the atmosphere, the decreasing ambient pressure would cause the parcel to expand, much like an air bubble does when it rises through a champagne glass. As the air rises and expands, it will cool adiabatically. Rising air is characteristic of low pressure systems, and as a result of the rising air cooling, it will condense and form cloud.

During night the cloud cover absorbs most of the outgoing radiation from earth at the same time the lower surface of the clouds radiate towards the earth hence cloudy nights are warmer

The earth radiates its own temperature and loses heat these is called terrestrial  radiation which are long wave radiation ,the earth receives heat a short wave radiation from the sun and loses heat as long wave radiation these shortwave radiations or completely invisible but when it reflects the  oceans there is also water vapour produced which is partially visible

As per Wien,s law: Hot bodies like sun radiate short waves and colder bodies like earth radiate long waves because earth is receiving heat from sun it receives short waves

Air is a bad conductor of heat has a small parcel of air involved in atmospheric process can be regarded as insulated from the surrounding

Due to nocturnal cooling the surface temperatures continue to fall even after the sunrise till a balance is reach between incoming and outgoing radiation, warmer the earth intense will be the nocturnal coolin to balance out

Heat is the sum total of the kinetic energy of all molecules and atoms of a substance

temperature is the average kinetic energy of all molecules and atoms of a substance

IR 46%

VISIBLE 45%

UV 09%

Stephen Boltzman law the law states that the total amount of energy radiated by a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature hence intense radiation or emitted by hot bodies like sun

Stephen Boltzman law the law states that the total amount of energy radiated by a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature hence intense radiation or emitted by hot bodies like sun

Stephen Boltzman law the law states that the total amount of energy radiated by a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature hence intense radiation or emitted by hot bodies like sun

As per Wien,s law: Hot bodies like sun radiate short waves and colder bodies like earth radiate long waves because earth is receiving heat from sun it receives short waves

Minimum thermo meter has a dumbbell shaped iron index which permits alcohol to pass through when temperature rises ,when temperature falls the alcohol which has a concave meniscus drags the index back to indicate minimum temperature

Temperature is fixed with reference to the melting point of ice and boiling point of pure water at normal pressure

on the Celsius scale these are 0°C and 100° Celsius

and in Fahrenheit scale 32°F and 212°F

Temperature is fixed with reference to the melting point of ice and boiling point of pure water at normal pressure

on the Celsius scale these are 0°C and 100° Celsius

and in Fahrenheit scale 32°F and 212°F

Temperature is fixed with reference to the melting point of ice and boiling point of pure water at normal pressure

on the Celsius scale these are 0°C and 100° Celsius

and in Fahrenheit scale 32°F and 212°F

0° 273k= 273k

Temperature is fixed with reference to the melting point of ice and boiling point of pure water at normal pressure

on the Celsius scale these are 0°C and 100° Celsius

and in Fahrenheit scale 32°F and 212°F

100°c 273k = 373k

Using this formula convert it into Celsius

20°C

273 plus 20=293

wind and cloud cover will cause T max to be reduced and T min to be increased.

WIND: wind will cause turbulent mixing of the warm air at the surface with cold air above, reducing T max. Strong wind reduces diurnal variation 

CLOUD: the solar radiation is reflected back by the cloud tops hence cloudy nights or day reduce diurnal variation

wind and cloud cover will cause T max to be reduced and T min to be increased.

WIND: wind will cause turbulent mixing of the warm air at the surface with cold air above, reducing T max. Strong wind reduces diurnal variation 

CLOUD: the solar radiation is reflected back by the cloud tops

Sand has a speck heat of 0.2 or less hence it gets heated and cooled faster

A layer of atmosphere where the temperature remains same with increase in height is called isothermal

example, just above the tropopause.